Photography is the most numerous collection of the Museum which, at the end of 2015, counted 25213exhibits. The photographic documents among other include photos, originals and reproductions of negatives and slides, digital documents from scientific archive and auxiliary collection. Started in 1971, the collection has been focusing on the topics of fauna of the Baltic Sea and the global ocean, navigation and shipping history of Lithuania, fishing in the Curonian Lagoon and along the Lithuanian coastline, life of fishermen, the Nerija Fort, history of the Lithuanian Sea Museum. The collection treasures works by famous photographers BernardasAleknavicius (1938), Gotfrid Tapinas (1946), Savelijus Golubevas (1935–2007), Vytautas Karaciejus (1948), Algimantas Kalvaitis (1957). 

The exhibits of the collection are widely used for dissemination purpose of the maritime culture and natural heritage when arranging temporary and permanent exhibitions or in the Museum’s publications. To maintain better public access to the Museum‘s collections, the exhibits are being digitized, exchanged among the museums. Since 2014, the Museum has been creating its photo data base in the LIMIS, while the digitized negatives have been stored in the photo library of the scientific-technical archive since 2010.